Practice question

**Stability** belt of stability N≈Z for light, N>Z for heavy due to Coulomb, beyond leads to alpha decay, fission, stability requires balance, nuclear force saturated explains constant density and BE/A. Rutherford’s model does not explain atomic stability, as it predicts electrons would emit radiation and collapse into the nucleus, not maintain stable orbits. Using E_n = -13.6/n² eV, r_n = n² a₀, L = n h/2π, R = R₀ A^¹/³, BE = Δm c² and 1 u = 931.5 MeV, evaluation yields Electrons maintain stable orbits without radiating, consistent with Bohr model and nuclear binding energy systematics.