Covers how to identify and name alcohols, phenols, and ethers using IUPAC and common naming systems. Includes structural formulas and functional group recognition for organic chemistry.
Butan-1-ol (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH) oxidizes to butanal, which lacks the CH₃CO- or CH₃CH(OH)- structure, giving a negative iodoform test.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Phenol reacts with NaOH to form sodium phenoxide (C₆H₅ONa) and water, indicating its acidic nature due to the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by resonance.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The iodoform test is positive for CH₃CH(OH)- structures. Propan-1-ol (CH₃CH₂CH₂OH) oxidizes to propanal, which lacks the required group, giving a negative result.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Dilute HNO₃ at low temperature favors mononitration of phenol, producing a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol, with the para isomer being the major product due to lower steric hindrance.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The compound has a 3-carbon chain with -OH groups on carbons 1 and 2, named propane-1,2-diol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The iodoform test is positive for alcohols with a CH₃CH(OH)- group. Propan-2-ol (CH₃CH(OH)CH₃) oxidizes to acetone, which gives a positive result.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The compound has a 3-carbon chain with -OH groups on carbons 1 and 3, named propane-1,3-diol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Glycerol (CH₂OH-CHOH-CH₂OH) has three -OH groups, forming extensive hydrogen bonding, which increases its boiling point compared to ethanol with one -OH group.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Styrene (CH₂=CH-C₆H₅) undergoes acid-catalyzed hydration with H₂SO₄ and H₂O, adding -OH to the more substituted carbon (Markovnikov addition), forming 1-phenylethanol.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The compound has a 4-carbon chain with -OH groups on carbons 1 and 3, named butane-1,3-diol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Methanol (CH₃OH) reacts with Na to release H₂ gas, which burns with a pop sound, due to its acidic hydrogen.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Glycerol (HO-CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-OH) has a 3-carbon chain with -OH groups on all three carbons, named propane-1,2,3-triol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
