Examine various immune disorders, including allergies, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency conditions like AIDS. Learn about their underlying mechanisms, symptoms, and how they disrupt normal immune function.
AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is a retrovirus, not a bacterium.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the bodyâs own cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in blood plasma and provides long-term immunity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
Helper T-cells (CD4+ cells) assist in activating B-lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
IgM is the first antibody produced during the primary immune response to infection.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
Autoimmune diseases are not caused by external pathogens; they occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
HIV/AIDS leads to a progressive loss of immunity, making the infected person more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system over time.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
IgA is primarily found in mucosal secretions, providing protection in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
Autoimmune diseases arise when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
IgE antibodies trigger allergic reactions by binding to mast cells and causing histamine release.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
