Explains the IUPAC system for naming organic compounds, including rules for functional groups, parent chains, and substituents, with practical examples for clarity.
Two π bonds suggest a diene. CH₂=CH-CH=CH₂ (buta-1,3-diene) has 2 π bonds and 7 σ bonds, fitting C₄H₆.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
The carbonyl carbon in CH₃CHO (acetaldehyde) is bonded to three atoms and involves sp² hybridization, forming a trigonal planar shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
The compound CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃ has 4 carbons, with an -OH group on the second carbon. The longest chain is butane, named butan-2-ol.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
Boiling point increases with molecular weight in homologous series. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ (butane, MW 58) has the highest MW among the options.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
No halogen (negative Lassaigne’s test). Degree of unsaturation = 1. CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃ (ketone) fits C₅H₁₀O.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
The compound has a 4-carbon chain with an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the end, named butanal.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
The double-bonded carbons in CH₃CH=CH₂ are sp² hybridized, forming a trigonal planar shape due to three sigma bonds and one pi bond.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
Members of a homologous series differ by a -CH₂- unit, maintaining the same functional group and general formula.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
In CH₂=CHCH₂CH₃ (but-1-ene), there are 11 σ bonds: 8 C-H, 2 C-C, 1 from C=C.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
Chlorine forms NaCl in Lassaigne’s test, which reacts with AgNO₃ to form a white precipitate of AgCl.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
In CH₂=CH-CH₃ (propene), there are 8 single bonds (C-H and C-C) and 1 double bond (C=C). The double bond consists of 1 σ and 1 π, so total σ bonds = 8 (single) + 1 (from double) = 9.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
The compound has a 4-carbon chain (butane) with an -OH on the second carbon, named butan-2-ol.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
