This category focuses on the physical and biological organization of ecosystems, including stratification into layers and zones.
Forest is a terrestrial ecosystem, whereas ponds, lakes, and estuaries are aquatic ecosystems.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
An aquarium is an artificial ecosystem where biotic and abiotic factors are maintained by humans.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Ecosystems are categorized as terrestrial, aquatic, and man-made. Biotic is a component of an ecosystem, not a category.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Deer are herbivores that feed on grass and other plants, making them primary consumers in a grassland ecosystem.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Stratification refers to the vertical arrangement of different species in an ecosystem, such as trees at the top, shrubs in the middle, and herbs at the bottom.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Phytoplankton are autotrophic organisms in aquatic ecosystems that perform photosynthesis and serve as primary producers.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Most of the energy captured by producers is lost as heat through respiration, following the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Food webs consist of multiple interconnected food chains, showing the complex feeding relationships within an ecosystem.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Standing crop refers to the total biomass of living organisms in a particular trophic level at a given time.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Forests are natural ecosystems, whereas crop fields, aquariums, and gardens are human-made ecosystems.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Phytoplankton are the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Nutrient cycling is a cyclic process, not unidirectional, ensuring the continuous reuse of essential nutrients in an ecosystem.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
