Covers how the kidneys filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and secrete waste to form urine. Focuses on the role of nephrons and key processes in maintaining fluid balance.
Glucose reabsorption occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule, not in the collecting duct.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, helping to concentrate urine.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
Creatinine is not reabsorbed by the nephron and is completely excreted in urine.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The counter-current mechanism in the Loop of Henle and vasa recta helps concentrate urine and conserve water.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The Loop of Henle establishes an osmotic gradient, which helps in water reabsorption and urine concentration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidney, reducing urine output and preventing dehydration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The collecting duct plays a major role in concentrating urine by reabsorbing water under the influence of ADH.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The renal vein carries deoxygenated but filtered blood away from the kidney.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus) is responsible for ultrafiltration of blood.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
The descending limb of Henle’s loop allows water reabsorption but is impermeable to electrolytes.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
ADH does not promote sodium excretion; it regulates water reabsorption to prevent dehydration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water reabsorption and reducing urine volume.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Reabsorption and Secretion
