Focuses on the chemical reactions of alcohols, including dehydration to form alkenes, oxidation to aldehydes or ketones, and esterification to produce esters.
Pentan-3-ol (CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₃), a secondary alcohol, is oxidized to pentan-3-one (CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃) with PCC.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
1-Butene (CH₂=CHCH₂CH₃) undergoes hydroboration-oxidation, adding -OH anti-Markovnikov to form butan-1-ol (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH), a primary alcohol, is oxidized to acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) with PCC, which selectively oxidizes to the aldehyde stage.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
4-Nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding, increasing intermolecular forces and reducing volatility, while 2-nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding, making it more volatile.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
2-Methylpropan-2-ol, a tertiary alcohol, dehydrates via an E₁ mechanism with conc. H₂SO₄, forming a stable tertiary carbocation intermediate.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Conc. H₂SO₄ at 140°C rapidly dehydrates 2-methylpropan-2-ol, a tertiary alcohol, to 2-methylpropene via a stable tertiary carbocation in an E₁ mechanism.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Phenol (C₆H₅OH) is reduced to benzene (C₆H₆) when heated with zinc dust, which removes the -OH group as ZnO and H₂.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Ethane-1,2-diol (CH₂OH-CH₂OH), commonly called ethylene glycol, is widely used as an antifreeze due to its ability to lower the freezing point of water.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Dehydration of butan-2-ol (CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃) with conc. H₂SO₄ proceeds via an E₁ mechanism, forming a carbocation (CH₃CH+CH₂CH₃) as the intermediate.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
Phenol (C₆H₅OH) reacts with NaOH to form sodium phenoxide (C₆H₅ONa), demonstrating its acidic nature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
2-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between -OH and -NO₂, reducing intermolecular forces, unlike 4-nitrophenol.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
2-Methylbutan-2-ol (CH₃C(OH)(CH₃)CH₂CH₃) dehydrates to 2-methylbut-2-ene (CH₃C(CH₃)=CHCH₃) as the major product, following Saytzeff’s rule.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols - Dehydration Oxidation Esterification
