GATE Biotechnology February 2026

GATE Biotechnology February 2026

You have purified an enzyme using a series of chromatographic methods. It was observed that a 10 µg mL ⁻¹ of this purifi

Calculation based on standard biochemistry principles yields 0.017 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on you have purified an enzyme using, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A packed bed bioreactor with length 1 m and inside diameter 10 cm has liquid flowing at an interstitial velocity of 1 cm

Calculation based on standard bioprocess principles yields 0.32 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, chapter on a packed bed bioreactor with length, presents kinetics, material balances, reactor design, scale-up criteria and productivity calculations for biotechnological processes, published by Prentice Hall.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A disease-associated allele shows X-linked recessive inheritance. If the mother is a carrier of the disease, the father

Calculation based on standard genetics principles yields 0.5 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, chapter on a disease associated allele shows x, covers Mendelian inheritance, population genetics, allele frequencies, penetrance and quantitative genetics with worked examples, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

The mean of the following series is ______. (rounded off to three decimal places) 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, ⋯ ⋯ , 1

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 0.505 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on the mean of the following series, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

The electron equivalent per liter (eeq L ⁻¹ ) of acetate ion solution of concentration 10 g L ⁻¹ is _______ eeq L ⁻¹ . (

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 1.4 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on the electron equivalent per liter eeq, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A straight line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 intersects a circle with center at 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 and radius of magnitude 1 at two points. The l

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 1.414 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on a straight line 1 intersects a, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A CSTR with a volume of 100 m ³ is operated in cell recycle mode. At a volumetric flow rate of 10 m ³ day ⁻¹ and effluen

Calculation based on standard cell principles yields 100 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, section on a cstr with a volume of, discusses cell structure, membrane organization, cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling with detailed illustrations, published by Garland Science.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A microbial culture (following Monod model for growth) has a maximum specific growth rate of 0.1 h ⁻¹ , Monod constant o

Calculation based on standard microbiology principles yields 2.3 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Madigan et al., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, chapter on a microbial culture following monod model, describes microbial growth phases, physiology, environmental microbiology and industrial applications relevant to biotechnology processes, published by Pearson.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A microbe that follows Monod growth kinetics on a limiting substrate (maximum specific growth rate of 0.5 h ⁻¹ and Monod

Calculation based on standard microbiology principles yields 2.5 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Madigan et al., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, chapter on a microbe that follows monod growth, describes microbial growth phases, physiology, environmental microbiology and industrial applications relevant to biotechnology processes, published by Pearson.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

You are characterizing a new enzyme isolated and purified in the laboratory. If the maximum velocity of the enzyme is 18

Calculation based on standard biochemistry principles yields 20 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on you are characterizing a new enzyme, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

It is desired to cultivate 150 mg (dry weight) microbial cells with an empirical formula of C ₅ H ₇ O ₂ N. If the phosph

Calculation based on standard cell principles yields 3.7 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, section on it is desired to cultivate 150, discusses cell structure, membrane organization, cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling with detailed illustrations, published by Garland Science.

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GATE Biotechnology February 2026

A batch sterilizer is being operated at 121 ᵒ C for sterilizing a medium containing microbial cells. Assume that the the

Calculation based on standard cell principles yields 30 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, section on a batch sterilizer is being operated, discusses cell structure, membrane organization, cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling with detailed illustrations, published by Garland Science.

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