GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

One percent of the cars manufactured by a company are defective. What is the probability ( upto four decimals) that more

Poisson λ=1 for n=100, p=0.01. P>2=1-P0-P1-P2=1-e⁻¹(1+1+0.5)=0.0803. Binomial exact gives ~0.079. Result shows low defect rate still yields occasional clusters, relevant for quality control and probabilistic modeling of rare events. Additional evidence from controlled experiments and theoretical models further supports this conclusion in biotechnology literature.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on one percent of the cars manufactured, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A fed batch culture was operated with intermittent addition of glucose solution at a flow rate of 200 ml h^-1. The value

At quasi-steady state, μ=D. Using Monod, S= D×Ks/(μm-D)=0.1×0.3/(0.4-0.1)=0.1 g/L. Low residual substrate indicates substrate-limited growth, typical for fed-batch control to avoid overflow metabolism and maintain high yield. Additional evidence from controlled experiments and theoretical models further supports this conclusion in biotechnology literature.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on a fed batch culture was operated, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A callus of 5 g dry weight was inoculated on semi-solid medium for growth. The dry weight of the callus was found to inc

Growth index defined as (final-initial)/initial. Final =5×1.5=7.5 g, index=(7.5-5)/5=0.5. If defined as final/initial ratio, value is 1.5. The incremental definition highlights biomass increase relative to inoculum, important for plant tissue culture assessment.

Ref: Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, chapter on a callus of 5 g dry, presents kinetics, material balances, reactor design, scale-up criteria and productivity calculations for biotechnological processes, published by Prentice Hall.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

In a batch culture, the specific rate of substrate utilization is 0.25 g (g cell mass)-1 h-1 and specific rate of produc

Yield Yp/s = qp/qs =0.215/0.25=0.86 g product per g substrate. This reflects conversion efficiency independent of biomass, useful for evaluating metabolic coupling between substrate consumption and product formation in batch cultures.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, section on in a batch culture the specific, discusses cell structure, membrane organization, cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling with detailed illustrations, published by Garland Science.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A chemostat is operated at a dilution rate of 0.6 h-1. At steady state, the biomass concentration in the exit stream was

At steady state, biomass productivity =D×X =0.6×30=18 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. After 3 hours, same rate persists because steady state maintains constant concentration, showing chemostat productivity depends on dilution and biomass, not elapsed time after equilibrium.

Ref: Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, chapter on a chemostat is operated at a, presents kinetics, material balances, reactor design, scale-up criteria and productivity calculations for biotechnological processes, published by Prentice Hall.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

In a genetic study, 80 people were found to have alleles for polydactyly. Only 36 of them were polydactylous. What is th

Penetrance = affected carriers/total carriers ×100 =36/80×100=45%. Incomplete penetrance explains why some individuals with genotype do not express phenotype due to modifiers, environment or stochastic developmental effects in human genetics.

Ref: Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, chapter on in a genetic study 80 people, covers Mendelian inheritance, population genetics, allele frequencies, penetrance and quantitative genetics with worked examples, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A batch bioreactor is to be scaled up from 10 to 10,000 liters. The diameter of the large bioreactor is 10 times that of

Tip speed =πND constant for shear similarity. N2=N1×D1/D2. Diameter ratio 10 gives N2=450/10=45 rpm, ensuring same maximum shear at impeller tip while maintaining mixing in larger vessel, crucial for mammalian cell processes.

Ref: Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, chapter on a batch bioreactor is to be, presents kinetics, material balances, reactor design, scale-up criteria and productivity calculations for biotechnological processes, published by Prentice Hall.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

The total number of fragments generated by the complete and sequential cleavage of the polypeptide given below by Trypsi

Trypsin cuts after Lys and Arg, producing three peptides. CNBr cleaves after Met within first two peptides, splitting each into two, yielding total five fragments. Sequential cleavage demonstrates how protease specificity determines fragment count for protein mapping and sequencing strategies.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on the total number of fragments generated, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

Calculate the percentage sequence identity for the pairwise alignment given below. _______ H E L L O – Y E L L O W

Alignment HELLO- vs YELLOW shows 4 identical positions E,L,L,O out of 6 columns =66.7% identity. If gaps excluded, 4/5=80% matches among residues. Identity measures exact matches, differing from similarity that allows conservative substitutions in bioinformatics scoring.

Ref: Watson et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene, chapter on calculate the percentage sequence identity for, details DNA replication, transcription, repair mechanisms, recombinant DNA technology and sequence analysis methods with experimental evidence, published by Pearson Education.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

The maximum cell concentration (g l^-1) expected in a bioreactor with initial cell concentration of 1.75 g l^-1 and an i

Xmax =X0+ Yx/s×S0 =1.75+0.6×125=76.75 g/L. Assumes substrate fully consumed for growth, no maintenance or product formation, representing theoretical maximum biomass achievable from given glucose under yield coefficient, useful for reactor design.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on the maximum cell concentration g l, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of protein X in 100 ml of water. Molecular weight of protein X is 15,000 Da

In biochemistry, 66.6 accurately describes the phenomenon since 66.6 aligns with observed data. Other options like 6.6, 0.67 ignore key regulatory steps or propose implausible interactions, failing to satisfy thermodynamic and structural constraints.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on a solution was prepared by dissolving, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

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GATE-Biotechnology Februry 2013

A complete restriction digestion of a circular plasmid (5000bp) was carried out with Hind III, Bam HI and Eco RI individ

Considering molecular fundamentals, EcoRI-2, BamHI-1, HindIII-2 holds true because ecori-2, bamhi-1, hindiii-2 satisfies kinetic and structural requirements. Remaining alternatives EcoRI-1, BamHI-1, HindIII-2, EcoRI-3, BamHI-2, HindIII-1 do not match accepted models and misinterpret critical steps in this biological system.

Ref: Watson et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene, chapter on a complete restriction digestion of a, details DNA replication, transcription, repair mechanisms, recombinant DNA technology and sequence analysis methods with experimental evidence, published by Pearson Education.

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