Explore valence bond theory and hybridisation with practice questions. Understand how atomic orbitals combine to form chemical bonds in molecules.
[Fe(CN)4]2− (Fe₂+, d6) with 4 ligands is square planar (strong field CN−), using dsp2 hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Mn(CN)6]4− (Mn₂+, d5) with strong field CN− in an octahedral field is low spin, using inner d orbitals (d2sp3).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Ni(NH₃)6]2+ (Ni₂+, d8) with NH₃ in an octahedral field is high spin, using outer orbitals (sp3d2).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
Primary valence is the oxidation state. In [Fe(H₂O)6]SO₄, H₂O is neutral, SO₄₂− is −2, balanced by [Fe(H₂O)6]2+, so Fe is +2.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Fe(H₂O)6]2+ (Fe₂+, d6) is octahedral with weak field H₂O, forming a high-spin complex with outer orbitals (sp3d2).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
Ni₂+ (d8) in [Ni(NH₃)6]2+ (octahedral) with NH₃ (moderate field) is high spin: t2g6 eg2, giving 2 unpaired electrons.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Cr(NH₃)6]3+ (Cr₃+, d3) is octahedral with NH₃, using inner d orbitals for bonding, resulting in d2sp3 hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Ni(NH₃)4]2+ (Ni₂+, d8) with 4 ligands is square planar, using dsp2 hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[PtCl₄]2− has Pt in +2 state (d8), with 4 ligands. It adopts a square planar geometry due to dsp2 hybridization, typical for d8 metals like Pt(II).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Fe(CN)6]4− (Fe₂+, d6) is octahedral with strong field CN−, forming a low-spin complex. It uses inner d orbitals, giving d2sp3 hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[CoF₆]3− is octahedral (Co₃+, d6). F− is a weak field ligand, forming a high-spin complex with outer orbitals, leading to sp3d2 hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
[Co(NH₃)4Cl₂]2SO₄ has 2 SO₄₂− counter ions, each forming BaSO₄ with BaCl₂, yielding 2 moles of precipitate.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Bonding - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation
