Biogeography Complete

Biogeography Complete

Increase in island distance primarily affects:

“Immigration rate” for increase in island distance primarily affects. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. The remaining alternatives—“Extinction rate”, “Resource availability”, “Genetic drift”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. Field observations could test this account by measuring the proposed driver and the demographic or ecosystem response while controlling plausible confounding factors. This distinction matters because similar surface patterns can arise through different mechanisms, whereas ecological prediction depends on identifying the mechanism that actually changes rates.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Why are larger islands expected to have more species?

“Reduced extinction rates” for why are larger islands expected to have more species. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. The remaining alternatives—“High predation pressures”, “Limited resources”, “Less immigration”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. The cited framing is therefore most useful when treated as a conditional biological claim, with assumptions about scale and environmental context kept explicit.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Intersection of immigration and extinction curves represents:

“Equilibrium number of species” for intersection of immigration and extinction curves represents. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. The remaining alternatives—“Total extinction”, “Maximum immigration rate”, “Minimum species number”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. Linking the wording to measurable consequences for fitness, abundance, or flux gives the conclusion its scientific meaning and prevents a purely mnemonic interpretation.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Which scenario reflects the greatest species richness?

“Large island close to mainland” for which scenario reflects the greatest species richness. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The remaining alternatives—“Small island close to mainland”, “Large island far from mainland”, “Small island far from mainland”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. The cited framing is therefore most useful when treated as a conditional biological claim, with assumptions about scale and environmental context kept explicit.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Increasing island size generally results in:

“Lower extinction rates” for increasing island size generally results in. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. The remaining alternatives—“Lower immigration”, “Higher extinction rates”, “No change in biodiversity”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The cited framing is therefore most useful when treated as a conditional biological claim, with assumptions about scale and environmental context kept explicit. Linking the wording to measurable consequences for fitness, abundance, or flux gives the conclusion its scientific meaning and prevents a purely mnemonic interpretation.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Islands far from mainland sources usually have:

“Low species richness” for islands far from mainland sources usually have. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. The remaining alternatives—“High species richness”, “Rapid colonization rates”, “Stable ecosystems”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The cited framing is therefore most useful when treated as a conditional biological claim, with assumptions about scale and environmental context kept explicit. Linking the wording to measurable consequences for fitness, abundance, or flux gives the conclusion its scientific meaning and prevents a purely mnemonic interpretation.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Immigration and extinction rates together determine:

“Species equilibrium” for immigration and extinction rates together determine. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. The remaining alternatives—“Genetic variation”, “Climate change effects”, “Predation pressure”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. Field observations could test this account by measuring the proposed driver and the demographic or ecosystem response while controlling plausible confounding factors. This distinction matters because similar surface patterns can arise through different mechanisms, whereas ecological prediction depends on identifying the mechanism that actually changes rates.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Island biogeography can also apply to mainland habitats viewed as islands within:

“A 'sea' of unsuitable habitats” for island biogeography can also apply to mainland habitats viewed as islands within. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The remaining alternatives—“Marine ecosystems”, “Deserts”, “Forest ecosystems only”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. Field observations could test this account by measuring the proposed driver and the demographic or ecosystem response while controlling plausible confounding factors.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Small islands far from the mainland typically have:

“Low species diversity” for small islands far from the mainland typically have. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The remaining alternatives—“High species diversity”, “Moderate species diversity”, “No species”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. This distinction matters because similar surface patterns can arise through different mechanisms, whereas ecological prediction depends on identifying the mechanism that actually changes rates.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

An 'isolated spring in a desert' is an example of:

“A habitat island” for an 'isolated spring in a desert' is an example of. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The remaining alternatives—“A marine island”, “A continent”, “An ecological niche”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. Field observations could test this account by measuring the proposed driver and the demographic or ecosystem response while controlling plausible confounding factors.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Wilson’s work on island biogeography helped explain:

“Uneven distribution of species” for wilson’s work on island biogeography helped explain. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. At equilibrium, species identities can continue to turn over even when richness is approximately stable. The model predicts a balance of rates, not an absence of colonization or extinction. The remaining alternatives—“Genetic mutations”, “Even distribution of species”, “Population growth rates”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The cited framing is therefore most useful when treated as a conditional biological claim, with assumptions about scale and environmental context kept explicit.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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Biogeography Complete

Immigration rates are primarily influenced by island:

“Distance from mainland” for immigration rates are primarily influenced by island. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Island biogeography explains species richness as a dynamic balance between immigration and extinction. Immigration generally declines as an island fills with species, whereas extinction rises as more species divide finite area and maintain smaller populations. The remaining alternatives—“Vegetation type”, “Altitude”, “Climate”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. Larger islands usually support more habitats and larger populations, lowering extinction risk; less isolated islands receive colonists more readily and may experience rescue effects. These mechanisms also apply to habitat fragments that function as ecological islands. Linking the wording to measurable consequences for fitness, abundance, or flux gives the conclusion its scientific meaning and prevents a purely mnemonic interpretation.

Ref: Biogeography, Lomolino et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5-8

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