Focuses on polyhalogen compounds, including chloroform, iodoform, DDT, and freons. Covers their chemical structure, properties, and practical applications in industry and medicine.
CH₃CH₂CHClCH₃ forms a Grignard reagent with Mg , which hydrolyzes with H₂O to CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ (butane).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
According to Markovnikov's rule, HBr adds to propene ( CH₃CH=CH₂ ) such that H attaches to the less substituted carbon, yielding CH₃CHBrCH₃ .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
A benzylic halide has the halogen on a carbon directly attached to a benzene ring. C₆H₅CH(CH₃)Cl (1-chloroethylbenzene) is benzylic.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
A secondary halide has the halogen on a carbon bonded to two other carbons. CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₃ (3-bromobutane) is secondary.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
Dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromopropane with alcoholic KOH follows Zaitsev's rule, forming the more substituted alkene, CH₃CH=CH₂ (propene).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
CH₃CH₂Br reacts with Mg to form the Grignard reagent CH₃CH₂MgBr (ethylmagnesium bromide).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
NaNH₂ in liquid ammonia (strong base) promotes elimination (E₂) in CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl , forming CH₃CH=CH₂ (propene).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with CH₃Cl and AlCl₃ forms C₆H₅CH₃ (toluene).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
In CH₂=CHCH₂Br , the carbon attached to Br has four single bonds (to Br, H, H, and CH=CH₂ ), making it sp³ hybridized.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
The Sandmeyer reaction converts aniline to bromobenzene ( C₆H₅Br ) via a diazonium salt with CuBr .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
CH₃CH₂CH₂Br undergoes SN₂ substitution with NaSCH₃ to form CH₃CH₂CH₂SCH₃ (methyl propyl sulfide).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
An allylic halide has the halogen on a carbon adjacent to a C=C bond. CH₂=CHCH₂Br (3-bromopropene) is an allylic halide.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
