Questions covering methods to prepare competent hosts and techniques for transferring genes into cells, including transformation and transfection processes.
Heat shock transformation increases bacterial membrane permeability, allowing DNA uptake.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Autonomous replication allows plasmids to multiply independently of the host chromosome.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Biolistics, or the gene gun method, introduces DNA into plant cells using high-velocity microprojectiles.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Electroporation uses an electric field to create pores in the cell membrane, allowing DNA to enter animal cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Electrophoresis is used for DNA separation, not gene transfer. Microinjection, biolistics, and heat shock transformation are gene transfer methods.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Transformation is the process by which recombinant DNA is introduced into bacterial cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Calcium chloride increases the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, making them competent for DNA uptake.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
GMOs have significant applications in medicine, including the production of insulin and vaccines.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
DNA ligase is responsible for sealing breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, making it essential in recombinant DNA technology.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
GMOs are developed using recombinant DNA technology and have applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Electroporation applies an electric field to make bacterial cell membranes permeable to foreign DNA.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
GMOs have significant applications in medicine, including the production of insulin, vaccines, and other therapeutic proteins.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
