Questions on the C4 photosynthetic pathway, the Hatch-Slack cycle, and the role of photorespiration in plant metabolism.
Photorespiration results in CO2 release and ATP consumption, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
C4 plants reduce photorespiration by using PEP carboxylase to fix CO₂ in mesophyll cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
Malic enzyme releases CO₂ from malate in bundle sheath cells, providing high CO₂ concentration for RuBisCO.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
The C4 pathway helps plants avoid photorespiration in hot, dry environments.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
In the C4 pathway, PEP carboxylase efficiently captures CO2 and minimizes photorespiration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
PEP carboxylase captures CO2 and converts it into oxaloacetic acid (OAA) in C4 plants.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
Oxaloacetic acid (OAA), a four-carbon compound, is the first stable product in the C4 pathway.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
Photorespiration increases when oxygen levels are high and carbon dioxide levels are low.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
In C₄ plants, bundle sheath cells maintain a high CO₂ concentration around RuBisCO, preventing photorespiration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
In the C4 pathway, PEP carboxylase captures CO2 efficiently, forming oxaloacetic acid.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
CAM plants fix CO2 at night and store it as organic acids to minimize water loss.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
In C₄ plants, malate is transported from mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells, where it releases CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants C4 Pathway - Hatch and Slack and Photorespiration
