Latest questions in this category.
GMOs have various medical applications, including the production of insulin, vaccines, and other therapeutic proteins.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Autonomous replication refers to the ability of a plasmid to replicate independently of the host chromosome.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA molecules used as vectors to carry and transfer genes in bacteria.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, help identify transformed cells by allowing only recombinant cells to survive.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Transformation refers to the process by which bacterial cells take up foreign DNA from their surroundings.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, allow researchers to identify and isolate transformed cells.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Bioreactors are used for large-scale production of recombinant proteins under controlled conditions.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Genetic engineering allows targeted modification of genes, unlike traditional hybridization, which results in random mixing of traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Bioreactors are designed to maintain sterile conditions to prevent contamination during large-scale production.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an mRNA template, a key step in cloning eukaryotic genes.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Recombinant DNA is artificially created by combining DNA fragments from different sources, allowing genetic modifications.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
