Learn about the distinct phases of the cell cycle—G1, S, G2, and M—along with the checkpoints and regulatory proteins that control progression and accuracy.
The centromere is the region where spindle fibers attach during cell division to facilitate chromosome movement.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
G2 phase follows the S phase and involves the synthesis of proteins required for mitosis.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
The S phase (synthesis phase) is when DNA replication occurs, doubling the genetic material in preparation for cell division.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
During G2 phase, the cell prepares for mitosis by growing and synthesizing proteins required for division.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
Chromosome segregation occurs during mitosis, whereas interphase is mainly for growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
DNA replication occurs in the S phase, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic material.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
Some cells in G0 can re-enter the cell cycle under specific conditions.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
DNA replication occurs in the S phase, not in G2.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
The G2 phase is a checkpoint where the cell ensures that DNA replication was completed correctly before mitosis begins.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
Kinetochores are protein structures at the centromere that facilitate chromosome movement by attaching to spindle fibers.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
G1 phase comes before the S phase, not after it.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
Nerve and heart cells remain in G0 permanently, while some other cells may re-enter the cycle under specific conditions.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Cycle - Phases G1 S G2 M and Regulation
