Questions focused on innate immunity, including physical barriers and interferons. Covers immune responses, mechanisms, and biological functions.
Tears contain lysozyme, which acts as a physiological barrier by breaking down bacterial cell walls.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Graft rejection is mediated by cell-mediated immunity, which involves T-lymphocytes recognizing and attacking foreign tissues.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
T-helper cells (CD4+ T-cells) play a crucial role in activating B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells to enhance immune responses.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Memory B-cells and T-cells retain information about pathogens and provide long-term immunity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Innate immunity is a non-specific defense mechanism that provides immediate protection against pathogens.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Cell-mediated immunity, mediated by T-cells, is responsible for eliminating intracellular pathogens like viruses.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Inflammation increases blood supply to the affected area, leading to redness, swelling, and pain.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Mucus traps pathogens and prevents their entry, serving as a mechanical barrier in innate immunity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Memory cells, formed during an initial infection, enable the immune system to respond faster and more effectively upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Skin is a physical barrier that prevents the entry of pathogens into the body.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B-cells to neutralize pathogens.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Cytokines are signaling molecules, not digestive enzymes, and they help regulate immune responses.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
