Covers the basics of reaction mechanisms, including how bonds break (fission) and the types of intermediates formed during chemical reactions.
In CH₃C≡CCH₃ (but-2-yne), the triple bond (C≡C) consists of 2 π bonds.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
In Lassaigne’s test, nitrogen forms Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ (ferric ferrocyanide) with Fe³⁺, producing the Prussian blue color.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Cleavage forms CH₃CH₂CH·CH₂CH₃ (secondary radical), which is more stable due to hyperconjugation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
A free radical has an unpaired electron. CH₃· is formed by homolytic cleavage and has an unpaired electron on carbon.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
An electrophile is an electron-deficient species. NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) is a positively charged species that seeks electrons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Homolytic cleavage at CH₂ forms CH₃CH₂CH·CH₂CH₃ (secondary radical), more stable than primary due to hyperconjugation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Carbocations can be stabilized by resonance (e.g., allylic or benzylic carbocations), delocalizing the positive charge.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Cleavage at C-Cl forms CH₃CH₂CH⁺CH₃ (secondary). Hyperconjugation with adjacent C-H bonds stabilizes it.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Iodine forms NaI in Lassaigne’s test, which reacts with AgNO₃ to form a yellow precipitate of AgI.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
CH₃CH=CHCH₃ fits C₄H₈ with 8 σ and 1 π. The second carbon (CH=) is sp², with a 120° angle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
CH₃CH₂⁺ is a carbocation (electrophile), not a nucleophile, unlike OH⁻, NH₃, CN⁻, which are electron-rich.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
Homolytic cleavage involves equal splitting of a bond, producing free radicals with unpaired electrons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
