Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin contains iron, which binds to oxygen for transport in the blood.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation Blood - Plasma and Formed Elements
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Which of the following is correct about RBCs?
RBCs have a lifespan of around 120 days and are responsible for oxygen transport.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation Blood - Plasma and Formed Elements
Which of the following is *not* a type of mutualism?
Defensive, resource-based, and dispersive interactions are functional classes of mutualism because each identifies a reciprocal exchange that raises both partners’ fitness. In defensive mutualism, one partner receives protection while the defender obtains food or shelter, as in many ant–plant systems. Resource-based mutualism involves exchange of complementary resources, exemplified by plant carbon traded for fungal mineral nutrients in mycorrhizae. Dispersive mutualism includes pollination and seed dispersal: animals receive nectar, pollen, or fruit while moving plant gametes or propagules. Cannibalism instead occurs when an organism consumes a member of its own species. It is a positive–negative interaction for consumer and victim and is intraspecific rather than an exchange between mutualistic species. Cannibalism can provide nutrition, reduce competitors, or occur under crowding, but the consumed individual suffers complete loss of future fitness. Therefore, it cannot be grouped with interactions defined by reciprocal net benefit, even though indirect population-level consequences may sometimes benefit surviving conspecifics.
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 8-13
Which of the following represents the first law of thermodynamics?
ΔE = q + w accurately defines or describes the concept asked in this question. Within Thermodynamics, precise definitions and terminology are essential for clear scientific communication. The other options (ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, ΔS = k ln Ω, and q = mCΔT) either describe related but distinct concepts, use incorrect terminology, or confuse similar-sounding terms that have different scientific meanings. A thorough understanding of exact definitions helps distinguish between closely related biological concepts and is crucial for competitive examinations.
Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Nelson & Cox, 8th Ed., Ch. 1