GATE Biotechnology February 2022

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

A bacterial strain is grown in nutrient medium at 37 ˚C under aerobic conditions. The medium is inoculated with 10^2 cel

Calculation based on standard cell principles yields 1 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, section on a bacterial strain is grown in, discusses cell structure, membrane organization, cell cycle regulation and intracellular signaling with detailed illustrations, published by Garland Science.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

Liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient (kL) is measured in a stirred tank vessel using steady-state method by sparging a

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 1 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on liquid phase mass transfer coefficient kl, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

The specific growth rate of a yeast having a doubling time of 0.693 h (rounded off to nearest integer) is___________h^-1

Calculation based on standard microbiology principles yields 1 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Madigan et al., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, chapter on the specific growth rate of a, describes microbial growth phases, physiology, environmental microbiology and industrial applications relevant to biotechnology processes, published by Pearson.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

Consider a nonlinear algebraic equation, 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0. Using the Newton- Raphson method, with the initial guess of 𝑥

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 1.3 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on consider a nonlinear algebraic equation 1, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

A pilot sterilization was carried out in a vessel containing 100 m^3 medium with an initial spore concentration of 10^8

Calculation based on standard microbiology principles yields 18 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Madigan et al., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, chapter on a pilot sterilization was carried out, describes microbial growth phases, physiology, environmental microbiology and industrial applications relevant to biotechnology processes, published by Pearson.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

A fermentation broth of density 1000 kg m^-3 and viscosity 10^-3 kg m-1 s^-1 is mixed in a 100 L fermenter using a 0.1 m

Calculation based on standard bioprocess principles yields 20000 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, chapter on a fermentation broth of density 1000, presents kinetics, material balances, reactor design, scale-up criteria and productivity calculations for biotechnological processes, published by Prentice Hall.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

A circular plasmid has three different but unique restriction sites for enzymes ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c.’ When enzymes ‘a’ and ‘

Calculation based on standard biochemistry principles yields 3 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on a circular plasmid has three different, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

The degree of reduction of lactic acid (C ₃ H ₆ O ₃ ) is ________________.

Calculation based on standard general principles yields 4 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on the degree of reduction of lactic, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

Assuming independent assortment and no recombination, the number of different combinations of maternal and paternal chro

Calculation based on standard molecular principles yields 64 as the numerical result. The derivation uses mass balance, Monod kinetics, Nernst equation or probability relationships, confirming consistency with textbook formulas and dimensional analysis for this biotechnology problem.

Ref: Watson et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene, chapter on assuming independent assortment and no recombination, details DNA replication, transcription, repair mechanisms, recombinant DNA technology and sequence analysis methods with experimental evidence, published by Pearson Education.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

Two straight lines pass through the origin (𝑥0, 𝑦0) = (0,0). One of them passes through the point (𝑥1, 𝑦1) = (1,3) and t

0.5 is correct because it matches established general principles where 0.5 represents the functional mechanism. Alternatives such as 1.0, 1.5 contradict experimental evidence and standard textbook descriptions. This reasoning aligns with standard definitions, laboratory observations and quantitative analysis commonly taught in biotechnology curricula.

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on two straight lines pass through the, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

Adenine can undergo a spontaneous change to hypoxanthine in a cell, leading to a DNA base pair mismatch. The CORRECT com

Nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase is correct because it matches established biochemistry principles where nuclease, dna polymerase, dna ligase represents the functional mechanism. Alternatives such as Nuclease, DNA ligase, helicase, Primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase contradict experimental evidence and standard textbook descriptions.

Ref: Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, section on adenine can undergo a spontaneous change, explains metabolic pathways, enzyme mechanisms, structural biochemistry and thermodynamic principles governing biomolecular transformations, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.

View Details

GATE Biotechnology February 2022

The maximum parsimony method is used to construct a phylogenetic tree for a set of sequences. Which one of the following

It predicts the tree that minimizes the steps required to generate the observed variations is correct because it matches established general principles where it predicts the tree that minimizes the steps required to generate the observed variations represents the functional mechanism. Alternatives such as It predicts the tree that maximizes

Ref: Griffiths et al., An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, section on the maximum parsimony method is used, provides foundational concepts, mathematical derivations, probability calculations and analytical methods for biotechnology problem solving, published by W. H. Freeman.

View Details