Focuses on key reaction types including alkylation, acylation, and electrophilic aromatic substitution, with practice problems to reinforce understanding.
Acetic anhydride ((CH₃CO)₂O) acetylates aniline to acetanilide, reducing reactivity of the −NH₂ group, as per the PDF’s chemical properties.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) with H₂SO₄ at high temperature forms p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid (sulphanilic acid), as per the PDF’s chemical properties.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Tertiary amines like (CH₃CH₂CH₂)₃N lack an N-H bond to react with benzenesulphonyl chloride, as per the PDF’s Hinsberg test.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Aniline’s nitrogen forms a salt with AlCl₃ (Lewis acid catalyst), acquiring a positive charge and deactivating the ring for electrophilic substitution.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Reactivity decreases as substitution on nitrogen increases due to steric hindrance and lone pair availability: primary > secondary > tertiary, as per the PDF’s chemical properties.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl) acetylates aniline to form acetanilide (C₆H₅NHCOCH₃), as per the PDF’s chemical properties.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Primary amines like CH₃CH₂NH₂ form sulphonamides soluble in alkali, allowing separation, as per the PDF’s Hinsberg test.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
In CH₃NHCH₃, nitrogen has three sigma bonds (two C, one H) and one lone pair, giving a pyramidal shape due to sp3 hybridization, as per the PDF’s structure.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Secondary amines like (CH₃CH₂)₂NH form CH₃CON(CH₂CH₃)₂ with CH₃COCl, which has no N-H bonds, as per the PDF’s chemical properties.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Ethylamine (CH₃CH₂NH₂) has sp3 hybridized nitrogen with three sigma bonds and one lone pair, giving a pyramidal geometry, as per the PDF’s structure.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
In methylamine (CH₃NH₂), nitrogen forms one sigma bond with carbon and two with hydrogens, totaling three, as per the PDF’s structure.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
Aniline forms anilinium hydrogensulphate, which rearranges on heating to p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid (sulphanilic acid).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution
