Focuses on Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi) and explores their economic roles in agriculture, medicine, and industry, with practice questions.
The limits of Kingdom Protista are not sharply defined because an organism regarded as a photosynthetic protist by one biologist may be considered a plant by another. Protista includes single-celled eukaryotes.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
A large number of Deuteromycetes are decomposers of litter. By breaking down this material, they help return mineral nutrients to the environment and therefore contribute to mineral cycling.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Morels and truffles are edible members of Ascomycetes and are regarded as delicacies. Ascomycetes are commonly called sac fungi.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Euglenoids are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight. When sunlight is unavailable, they behave as heterotrophs by preying on smaller organisms.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Albugo is a member of Phycomycetes and occurs as a parasitic fungus on mustard. Other examples of this fungal class include Mucor and Rhizopus.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
In Phycomycetes, sexual reproduction results in the formation of a zygospore by the fusion of two gametes. The gametes may be similar in morphology or may differ from each other.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
In Basidiomycetes, karyogamy and meiosis occur in the basidium, usually producing four basidiospores. These spores are formed exogenously on the basidium, and the basidia are arranged in basidiocarps.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Penicillium is mentioned as a source of antibiotics. In contrast, Puccinia causes wheat rust, while Rhizopus is commonly known as bread mould.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
In lichens, the phycobiont is the autotrophic algal component, while the mycobiont is the heterotrophic fungal component.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Fungal sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy, or fusion of protoplasms; karyogamy, or fusion of nuclei; and meiosis in the zygote, which produces haploid spores.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
Deuteromycetes contain fungi whose sexual stages are unknown. When the sexual stage is discovered, the fungus is transferred to the appropriate class. The production of ascospores identifies it as an Ascomycete.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
The particle is a virus. A virus contains either RNA or DNA as its genetic material, but never both. Outside a suitable host it remains inert, while inside the host it uses cellular machinery to produce new virus particles.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
