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Topoisomerase prevents excessive supercoiling of DNA ahead of the replication fork by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance DNA Replication - Semiconservative and Machinery
Bidirectional unwinding of parental duplex at bacterial replication fork requires hexameric helicase DnaB encircling lagging strand template and moving 5' to 3' direction using ATP hydrolysis energy. DnaB disrupts base pairing ahead of polymerase generating single-stranded templates for both leading and lagging synthesis simultaneously. Activity stimulated by DnaC loader during initiation and by tau subunit and SSB during elongation. DnaA protein recognizes oriC boxes but does not unwind long stretches, while DnaG synthesizes RNA primers after unwinding provides single-stranded regions.
Ref: NCBI Bookshelf, Molecular Genetics: E. coli DnaB hexameric helicase mechanism and polarity
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