Why are ultraviolet lamps used in water purifiers?
**X-rays in medicine** treat certain cancers because high-energy photons ionize and damage DNA of malignant cells, also imaging because bones absorb more than tissue, contrast. Gamma rays from Co-60 used for radiotherapy, energy ≈1.17 and 1.33 MeV, highly penetrating. UV lamps are used to kill germs in water purifiers due to their ability to damage living organisms, as mentioned in the document. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields To kill germs, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays and Their Properties
