21 public questions tagged with this topic.
Electrophoresis is used for DNA separation, not gene transfer. Microinjection, biolistics, and heat shock transformation are gene transfer methods. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function, Topic: Structural organization and physiology.
Search for effective protease inhibitor for transgenic resistance identified cowpea trypsin inhibitor as potent candidate due to broad activity against lepidopteran gut proteases and stability in alkaline environment. Cowpea Vigna unguiculata seeds accumulate defense proteins to protect against storage pests. Gene CpTI encoding 80 amino acid inhibitor with two disulfide bridges isolated from developing seeds and placed under CaMV 35S promoter. Tobacco transformed with CpTI exhibited 2 to 5 percent soluble protein as inhibitor, reducing tryptic activity of Heliothis virescens midgut extracts an
Ref: Hilder Nature 1987 CpTI cowpea tobacco; Gatehouse Plant Mol Biol 1993 Vigna; NCBI NBK131103; PubMed 3033487 cowpea trypsin inhibitor source.
Superweeds describe weedy populations that have acquired herbicide resistance via gene flow from cultivated crops, making control challenging. When transgenic crop expressing bar gene for glufosinate tolerance or cp4-epsps for glyphosate tolerance cross-pollinates with sexually compatible weed such as Brassica rapa, hybrid offspring inherit resistance allowing survival under herbicide application. Repeated selection in fields sprayed with same herbicide enriches resistant allele frequency, and backcrossing to weed parent restores weediness while retaining transgene. Documented cases include gl
Ref: Snow Am J Bot 1997 superweeds; Ellstrand Bioscience 2001; NCBI NBK131103; ISAAA superweed brief 2020; https://www.isaaa.org/
Vertical inheritance through binary fission faithfully copies the single circular chromosomal DNA with high fidelity via DNA polymerase III holoenzyme but fails to explain extraordinarily rapid global dissemination of antibiotic resistance observed within decades of antibiotic introduction. Horizontal gene transfer provides direct mechanism for movement of accessory genes between genetically unrelated cells, even across genus barriers. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact via retractile sex pilus encoded by tra operon and transfer of conjugative plasmids and integrative conjugative
Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 5: Horizontal Gene Transfer and Resistance Spread.
Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is commonly used in plant genetic engineering for gene_x000D_ transfer.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used for transferring genes into plants in biotechnology.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium is commonly used as a vector in plant genetic engineering for gene transfer.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Ethical Issues - GEAC and Animal Ethics
Microinjection is a method used to introduce foreign DNA directly into animal cells using fine glass_x000D_ needles.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Ethical Issues - GEAC and Animal Ethics
Agrobacterium-mediated transfer is commonly used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells using Ti_x000D_ plasmid vectors.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Gene Therapy - ADA SCID
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA molecules used as vectors to carry and transfer genes in bacteria.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Transformation refers to the process by which bacterial cells take up foreign DNA from their surroundings.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Genetic engineering allows targeted modification of genes, unlike traditional hybridization, which results in random mixing of traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
