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#fermentation

49 public questions tagged with this topic.

BOTANY

Which microorganism is used in the fermentation of bamboo shoots?

Lactobacillus helps in the fermentation of bamboo shoots, making them more digestible. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion covering relevant concept, Topic: Plant structure, physiology and applications.

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Basic Applied Biology

Enzyme converting pyruvate to acetaldehyde in ethanol fermentation is:

Alcoholic fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis proceeds through an expanded glycolytic branch after pyruvate formation. Pyruvate decarboxylase, a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent homotetramer encoded by PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, binds Mg2+ and performs non-oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Mechanistically, TPP ylide attacks carbonyl carbon forming lactyl-TPP, decarboxylates to hydroxyethyl-TPP carbanion, then releases acetaldehyde and regenerates ylide. This irreversible, highly exergonic step commits carbon toward ethanol and prevents

Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th ed. Ch 14; Nature Scientific Reports 2022 PDC mechanism https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-08568-4

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Basic Applied Biology

True fermentation strictly occurs under:

Fermentat+I2:I530ion represents an ancient energy-yielding strategy where organic molecules serve as both electron donors and acceptors without involvement of external terminal acceptors like oxygen or nitrate. Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate with net production of two ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation, mediated by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase, reducing NAD+ to NADH at glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase step. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, cells cannot operate electron transport chain, so NADH must be reoxidized by transferring electrons to pyruvate or

Ref: Berg et al., Biochemistry 9th ed., Chapter 16 Glycolysis and Fermentation; NCBI Bookshelf NBK22356.

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Microbial Physiology

Which phase of bacterial growth is best suited for industrial fermentation?

Industrial fermentation aims to maximize volumetric productivity of biomass, recombinant proteins or primary metabolites in minimal time with reproducible quality. Log phase cells are physiologically most uniform population with high ribosome content, active glycolysis and TCA cycle, abundant ATP and NADPH and low stringent response. Enzyme systems for substrate uptake like PTS and product synthesis operate at peak specific activity providing fastest conversion per cell per hour. Transferring mid-exponential inoculum into production vessel shortens nonproductive lag phase improving batch turna

Ref: Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 8th ed., Chapter 12: Log Phase for Industrial Fermentation and Biomass Production.

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