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Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air column above a point. As altitude increases, the height and mass of the air column decrease, reducing the pressure exerted at higher elevations.
Ref: NCBI Bookshelf, Ideal Gas Law: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2.
At lower altitudes, the air column above is taller and heavier, increasing atmospheric pressure (Pa = ρgh), which raises the height of the mercury column in the barometer to balance the greater external pressure.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
v = GMEr. As altitude increases, r (distance from Earth’s center) increases, reducing v since v∝1r. Thus, orbital speed decreases. As per NCERT, applying relevant law/formula with correct units and sign convention leads to It decreases. This satisfies dimensional consistency and physical conditions given, so option B is scientifically correct.
Ref: Halliday & Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 11th ed., Chapter 13: Gravitation.
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