Practice question

**Gas laws** Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac are special cases of ideal gas equation, for constant pressure volume-temperature relation V ∝ T, for constant temperature pressure-volume inverse, for constant volume pressure-temperature direct, enabling calculation of new volume from temperature ratio. Molar volume at STP = 22.4 litres/mol.Number of moles (μ) = (11.2)/(22.4) = 0.5 mol .Number of molecules = μ × N_A = 0.5 × 6.02 × 10²³ = 3.01 × 10²³ . Substituting values gives 3.01 × 10²³, which matches expected kinetic theory result, confirming mean free path λ = 1/(√2 n π d²), ideal gas law P V = n R T and v_rms = √(3 R T/M) relations.