What makes electromagnetic waves different from other waves discussed in the document?
**Production of EM waves** requires accelerated charge, oscillating LC circuit produces changing E and B, antenna radiates when charge accelerates, frequency determined by L and C, f=1/(2π√(LC)). Hertz used spark gap with inductor and capacitor, produced ~10⁸ Hz radio waves, detected with loop, confirmed transverse nature, reflection, refraction, polarization, speed c. The document notes that electromagnetic waves differ from other waves because they involve no material medium for propagation—they are oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Production of EM Waves and Hertz Experiment
