The transplastomic lines have no risk of gene escape through pollens since the
metabolic engineering and inheritance analysis shows exogenous gene introduction and pathway extension enable trait improvement. Consequently Transformed chloroplast DNA is lost during pollen maturation emerges as the valid choice since it demonstrates metabolic extension and combinatorial biosynthesis, aligning with established principles in genetics and biotechnology literature.
Ref: Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 6th Edition, Chapter 3, discusses genotype-phenotype correlation and inheritance patterns providing framework for genetic transmission and metabolic engineering.
