Direct DNA uptake by protoplasts can be stimulated by
This outcome reflects nucleic acid structure and recombination, where hairpin formation, Holliday junction resolution and translation control ensure fidelity. Option A captures this correctly because it matches molecular mechanisms, consistent with textbook descriptions and experimental observations in molecular biology.
Ref: Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 8th Edition, Chapter 8, RNA Processing and Translation, covers mRNA hairpins, puromycin mechanism and aminoacyl-tRNA function governing protein synthesis.
