4 public questions tagged with this topic.
In an isolated system (q = 0), spontaneity requires Δ Stotal = Δ Ssys > 0, as Δ Ssurr = 0.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Thermodynamic Terms - System Surroundings and Types of Systems
For a spontaneous process under constant T and p, Gibbs free energy decreases (Δ G < 0).
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Gibbs Energy and Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium
For a spontaneous process at constant T and P, the Gibbs free energy must decrease (Δ G < 0), as it determines spontaneity under these conditions.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Gibbs Energy and Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium
ΔG < 0 is the scientifically accurate answer to this question. Within the study of Kinetics and Thermodynamic, this concept is well-established through extensive research and is documented in standard scientific literature. The specific properties, mechanisms, or characteristics of ΔG < 0 directly address what is being asked. Among the other options, ΔG > 0, ΔG = 0, and ΔH > 0 do not correctly answer this question because they either refer to different concepts, describe properties of other molecules or processes, or represent common misconceptions about this topic.
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed.
