16 public questions tagged with this topic.
Pomato is produced by fusing protoplasts of tomato and potato through somatic hybridization. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function, Topic: Structural organization and physiology.
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different species to form hybrid plants with combined traits. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Zoology section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 - Rationalized Edition for Class XI and XII), Topic: Structural organization, physiology, human health and related concepts as per latest syllabus.
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different plant species to form hybrid plants with combined traits. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function.
Pomato is formed by the fusion of protoplasts from tomato and potato plants through somatic hybridization. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function.
Somatic hybridization can transfer extensive genetic material ranging from blocks of linked genes to entire chromosomes or whole genomes, contrasting with single gene transformation using plasmid vectors. When two protoplasts fuse, initial heterokaryon contains cytoplasm of both parents and nuclei that may fuse producing allotetraploid somatic hybrid carrying full complement of chromosomes from both species, allowing introgression of polygenic quantitative trait loci QTL controlled by multiple genes interacting for disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, quality attributes that cannot be transferred via single gene approach. Through asymmetric fusion where donor protoplasts irradiated with gamma rays fragment chromosomes before fusion, partial genome transfer achieved moving chromosome segments or single added chromosomes into recipient background, verifiable by genomic in situ hybridization GISH. This permits wide hybridization circumventing sexual incompatibility barriers pre zygotic and post zygotic including endosperm abortion. Iconic examples include transfer of late blight resistance gene cluster from wild Solanum brevidens to cultivated potato conferring durable resistance dependent on multiple R genes clustered in genomic block, demonstrating somatic hybridization power for moving complex agronomic traits impossible by conventional crossing.
Ref: Helgeson 1979 potato somatic hybrid; Bhat & Bhat 2011 gene blocks transfer.
Somatic hybridization involves fusion of protoplasts isolated from somatic vegetative tissues of different species cultivars or genera, bypassing sexual incompatibility barriers that prevent conventional crossing due to pre zygotic pollen stigma incongruence or post zygotic endosperm abortion. Protoplasts are obtained by enzymatic digestion of cell walls using cellulase Onozuka R-10 and macerozyme releasing naked cells bounded solely by plasma membrane maintaining totipotency to regenerate wall and divide. Mixed protoplast populations labeled with different fluorescent markers or selectable complementation traits are induced to fuse using polyethylene glycol PEG with calcium at high pH causing membrane dehydration and coalescence or by electrofusion using alternating current for alignment and direct current pulses for reversible membrane breakdown forming heterokaryons containing mixed cytoplasms and nuclei. Fusion product nuclear fusion may produce symmetric somatic hybrid allotetraploid containing both parental chromosome sets or after chromosome elimination asymmetric hybrids carrying partial genomes. This technique enabled transfer of polygenic traits disease resistance abiotic tolerance cytoplasmic male sterility from wild relatives to crops, exemplified by pomato potato plus tomato fusion and citrus somatic hybrids for rootstock improvement.
Ref: Gleba & Sytnik 1984 somatic hybridization; Evans et al., Handbook Plant Cell Culture.
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different species to form hybrid plants_x000D_ with combined traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different plant species to form hybrid_x000D_ plants with combined traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Ethical Issues - GEAC and Animal Ethics
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different plant species to produce hybrid_x000D_ plants with combined traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Transgenic Animals - Models and Biological Products
Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of protoplasts from different plant species to form hybrid_x000D_ plants with combined traits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Genetically Engineered Insulin
Somatic hybridization produces hybrid plants with traits from both parent species, not genetically_x000D_ identical clones.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Genetically Engineered Insulin
Pomato is produced by fusing protoplasts of tomato and potato through somatic hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Agricultural Applications - Nutritional Enhancement - Golden Rice and GM Crops
