Which assay uses a solid-phase microarray?
Protein microarray is a high-throughput platform where hundreds to thousands of purified proteins, antibodies, or peptides are immobilized in defined spots on functionalized glass slide or nitrocellulose membrane. This solid-phase array enables parallel analysis of protein expression, post-translational modifications, and interaction networks from minimal sample volume. Detection uses fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or SPR imaging. Western blot separates proteins electrophoretically, co-immunoprecipitation isolates complexes in solution, and PAGE is purely separative. Microarray format provides multiplexing advantage for proteome-wide screening and biomarker discovery under controlled conditions.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.