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I₂ has a single bond with a length of 267 pm, longer than Cl₂ (199 pm), F₂ (144 pm), or H₂ (74 pm) due to larger atomic size. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom, Periodicity and relevant Chemistry topic, Topic: Mole concept and periodic trends.
In C₂H₆ (ethane), the C-C single bond has a bond length of ~154 pm, typical for carbon-carbon single bonds.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: Valence Bond Theory and Hybridisation - sp sp2 sp3 dsp2
I₂ has a single bond with a bond length of ~267 pm, longer than F₂ (142 pm), Cl₂ (199 pm), or Br₂ (228 pm) due to larger atomic size.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: Kossel-Lewis Approach and Octet Rule and Lewis Structures
HF has a single bond with a bond enthalpy of ~567 kJ/mol, higher than HCl (431 kJ/mol), HBr (366 kJ/mol), or HI (299 kJ/mol) due to strong electronegativity difference.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: Kossel-Lewis Approach and Octet Rule and Lewis Structures
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