Sacred groves are patches of near-climax vegetation preserved through religious beliefs, ancestral worship, or deity dedication across India — termed Kavu in Kerala, Devarakadu in Karnataka, Oran in Rajasthan, Law Kyntang in Meghalaya. Taboos prohibit felling, hunting, littering, thereby maintaining high biodiversity, old-growth trees, and water sources. Protection stems primarily from spiritual reverence rather than statutory law, representing community-based conservation model. Ethnobotanical studies show sacred groves harbor many endemic, medicinal, and threatened species outside formal pro
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Gadgil and Vartak Sacred Groves of India Religious Protection; NCERT Environmental Ethics Traditional Conservation