#RNA polymerase

BOTANY

Which of the following is correct about RNA polymerase in eukaryotic transcription?

RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcribing **tRNA and some small RNAs** in eukaryotes. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Botany section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 -

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BOTANY

Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing RNA from DNA but does not synthesize DNA itself. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Botany section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 -

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Microbial Physiology

Which antibiotic inhibits RNA polymerase, blocking transcription?

Bacterial transcription relies on a multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase holoenzyme core composed of two alpha, one beta encoded by rpoB, one beta-prime encoded by rpoC and one omega subunit plus sigma factor for promoter recognition. Rifampin belonging to rifamycin ansamycin class fits snugly into a deep hydrophobic pocket within the beta subunit located inside the main DNA-RNA channel but more than 12 angstroms away from the catalytic Mg2+ center that coordinates nucleotide addition. By occupying this pocket, the drug sterically obstructs the path for nascent RNA chains longer than two

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 6: Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Rifampin Mechanism.

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Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for synthesizing rRNA in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase I synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in eukaryotic cells.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting

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Post-Transcriptional Modifications - Capping Splicing Polyadenylation

Which type of RNA polymerase transcribes messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

RNA polymerase II transcribes precursor mRNA (hnRNA) in eukaryotic cells.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Post-Transcriptional Modifications - Capping Splicing Polyadenylation

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

Which component of an operon serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase?

The promoter is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription in an operon.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

What is the role of sigma (σ) factor in bacterial transcription?

The sigma (σ) factor helps RNA polymerase recognize and bind to the promoter during transcription initiation in bacteria.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing RNA from DNA but does not synthesize DNA itself.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA polymerase?

RNA polymerase does not catalyze peptide bond formation; this function is performed by the ribosome.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

Which of the following is correct about RNA polymerase in eukaryotic transcription?

RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcribing **tRNA and some small RNAs** in eukaryotes.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Transcription - Mechanism and RNA Polymerase

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Eukaryotes gene regulation

Which RNA polymerase transcribes centromeric repeats?

Pericentromeric repeats dg and dh in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are transcribed during S phase by RNA polymerase II despite heterochromatic state generating noncoding RNAs serving as precursors for RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly. This Pol II transcription transient and actively suppressed by Clr4-mediated H3K9 methylation and Swi6 HP1 binding, yet essential to recruit RDRC RNA-dependent polymerase, Dicer Dcr1, and RITS effector complex for dsRNA processing into siRNAs guiding heterochromatin formation. Pol I synthesizes rRNA, Pol III tRNAs, not centromeres. Co-transcriptio

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 4: RNA Pol II Transcription at Centromeric Repeats

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