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2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Hybridization

SPR is used to study:

Surface Plasmon Resonance is a powerful label-free technique for monitoring biomolecular interactions in real time without fluorescent or radioactive tags. One interaction partner is immobilized on a gold-coated sensor chip while the other flows over the surface. Binding changes the refractive index near the surface, altering the resonance angle proportionally to mass accumulation. This allows determination of association and dissociation rate constants, affinity, and specificity. Applications include protein-protein, protein-DNA, antibody-antigen, and small molecule screening. Traditional processes like DNA replication, transcription, and translation are studied by other molecular biology techniques.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.

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Flow cytometry, FACS, ELISA

What is the use of flow cytometry?

Flow cytometry analyzes physical and chemical properties of individual cells suspended in fluid. Hydrodynamic focusing forces single file passage through laser intercept, measuring forward scatter proportional to size, side scatter indicating granularity, and fluorescence from labeled antibodies or dyes reflecting antigen expression, DNA content or calcium flux. It does not sequence DNA, assess protein tertiary folding or amplify nucleic acids like PCR. Applications include immunophenotyping, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, sorting of specific populations for culture, making it powerful for quantitative cellular property measurement.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.

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