Which radioactive detector uses gas ionization and high voltage?
Gas ionization detectors operate by collecting ion pairs formed when radiation traverses gas. Geiger-Muller tube maintains high potential difference, typically 800 to 1000 V, between central wire anode and cylindrical cathode filled with argon and quench gas. Primary ionization triggers Townsend avalanche, producing large uniform pulses regardless of incident energy, suitable for counting. Proportional counters work at intermediate voltage with pulse proportional to energy. Scintillation counters use phosphors and photomultipliers rather than gas ionization, while cloud chambers visualize trac
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
