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#process description

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

Which of the following correctly describes irreversible processes?

**Reversibility** reversible process can be reversed by infinitesimal change, no entropy production, quasi-static without friction, e.g., Carnot cycle reversible, irreversible processes involve friction, free expansion, heat transfer across finite temperature difference, entropy increases, most real processes irreversible. Irreversible processes (e.g., free expansion) involve non-equilibrium states or dissipation (e.g., friction), common in nature due to real-world losses. Option B is correct. Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric W = P ΔV, isothermal W = n R T ln(V₂/V₁), adiabatic

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

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First Law of Thermodynamics Applications

Which of the following statements is correct about an isothermal process for an ideal gas?

**Internal energy** state function depends only on temperature for ideal gas, U = f/2 n R T, change ΔU = n C_v ΔT, first law connects heat, work, internal energy, for expansion work done by gas positive, compression work done on gas negative, heat added positive. In an isothermal process ( T = constant ), the internal energy of an ideal gas ( U , temperature-dependent) remains constant ( Δ U = 0 ), and heat supplied equals work done ( Δ Q = Δ W ), making option C correct. Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > First Law of Thermodynamics Applications

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