Which of the following organisms are NOT considered primary producers?
Zooplankton are consumers that feed on phytoplankton, which are primary producers.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem Services and Functions
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Which of the following best describes the role of primary producers in an ecosystem?
Primary producers, such as plants and phytoplankton, convert inorganic substances into organic material through photosynthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem Services and Functions
Which of the following is the most important source of energy in an ecosystem?
Solar energy is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems, as it drives photosynthesis and energy flow.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem - Structure Components Stratification
Which statement correctly describes the ecological importance of diatoms?
Diatoms are photosynthetic chrysophytes and are described as the chief producers in the oceans. Their silica-containing cell walls also accumulate over long periods to form diatomaceous earth.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Protista - Chrysophytes and Dinoflagellates
Biomass of primary producers in bottom-up ecosystems is controlled by:
“Abiotic factors and nutrient supply” for biomass of primary producers in bottom-up ecosystems is controlled by. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Ecosystem processes are constrained by energy conservation and by the cycling of matter. Energy enters mainly through primary production, is lost as metabolic heat at every transfer, and therefore cannot be recycled in the way that carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or water can. The remaining alternatives—“Predator abundance”, “Competition”, “Secondary consumers”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same causal relationship. The relevant inference should follow the pathway from resource supply to organismal uptake and then to ecosystem-level flux. Productivity, trophic transfer, decomposition, and nutrient regeneration are connected, but each measures a different part of that pathway. Field observations could test this account by measuring the proposed driver and the demographic or ecosystem response while controlling plausible confounding factors.
Ref: Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum & Barrett, 5th Ed., Ch. 4