In presence of refuge, prey population:
A refuge protects at least part of a prey population from predator encounters or successful capture. Survivors can reproduce and replenish exposed areas, preventing complete elimination even while predation continues elsewhere. Refuges may be spatial, such as crevices inaccessible to a predator; temporal, such as activity at different times; or size based, when only certain life stages are vulnerable. Their effect can stabilize coexistence or alter cycle amplitude, depending on refuge capacity and movement. Persistence is therefore possible, not guaranteed extinction or perpetual decline. If r
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 10