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Plants account for about 22% of all described species, whereas animals constitute more than 70%.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Patterns of Biodiversity - Latitudinal Gradients
Gynodioecious breeding system populations consist of two distinct plant types female individuals producing only pistillate flowers lacking stamens and hermaphrodite individuals producing bisexual flowers with both whorls, maintained by interplay of nuclear genes and cytoplasmic male sterility. Contrasts with androdioecious male plus hermaphrodite, monoecious both sexes on same plant, and solely bisexual homogeneously. Gynodioecy enhances outcrossing because females are obligately outcrossed, hermaphrodites may self but suffer inbreeding depression. Examples include Thymus vulgaris, Fragaria ve
Ref: Richards, Plant Breeding Systems; Campbell Biology, Gynodioecy evolution male sterility
“Lantana camara” for which species is known for its allelopathic properties. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Ecological interpretation requires separating the immediate process from its broader consequence. A mechanism operating through physiology or behavior can scale up to alter survival, reproduction, abundance, distribution, and community structure. The remaining alternatives—“Eichhornia crassipes”, “Parthenium hysterophorus”, “Tabebuia rosea”—refer to different states, process
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 12, Ch. 15 Biodiversity and Conservation
“Elephant” for which species likely shows all three extremes: growth, survival, fecundity. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Selection favors the schedule that increases lifetime reproductive success under local mortality and resource conditions. Body size, development time, fecundity, parental investment, and generation length consequently tend to covary. The remaining alternatives—“Annual grass”, “Banana”, “None”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not
Ref: Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes, Grime, 2nd Ed.
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