The ParM-ParR-ParC system in bacteria is responsible for:
Type II partition system ParM ParR ParC extensively studied molecularly via electron microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence revealing filaments pushing plasmids. parC centromere comprises two clusters five 11 base pair direct repeats separated binding ParR dimers forming helical clamp around DNA. ParR directly interacts with ParM filament ends increasing elongation rate. Filaments grow bipolarly inserting monomers at parC ParR junction producing pushing force separating plasmids by up to cell length. After plasmids reach poles ParM hydrolyzes ATP destabilizing filaments recyclin
Ref: Moller-Jensen et al., EMBO J 2002, ParM-ParR-ParC segregation pushing plasmids - Type II system.
