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The Carius method involves heating the compound with fuming HNO₃ to convert halogens to silver halides.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis - Lassaigne Test and Estimation
Kjeldahl’s method involves heating the compound with H₂SO₄ to form (NH₄)₂SO₄, followed by ammonia liberation and titration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis - Lassaigne Test and Estimation
Molar mass of BaSO₄ = 233 g/mol, S = 32 g/mol. Mass of S = (32/233) × 0.505 = 0.069 g. Percentage = (0.069/0.15) × 100 = 46%.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis - Lassaigne Test and Estimation
Mass of C = (12/44) × 0.66 = 0.18 g. Mass of H = (2/18) × 0.135 = 0.015 g. Ratio C:H = (0.18/12)/(0.015/1) = 1:1. Empirical formula = CH.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
Violet color with sodium nitroprusside indicates sulphur (Na₂S), and white precipitate with AgNO₃ indicates chlorine (AgCl).
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
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