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Ethane-1,2-diol (CH₂OH-CH₂OH), or ethylene glycol, is widely used in antifreeze and hydraulic fluids due to its low freezing point and high boiling point.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Preparation of Phenols and Ethers - Williamson and Other Methods
The compound has a 4-carbon chain with -OH groups on carbons 2 and 3, named butane-2,3-diol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
The compound has a 5-carbon chain with -OH groups on carbons 2 and 4, named pentane-2,4-diol in IUPAC nomenclature.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers
Mass of C = (12/44) × 0.66 = 0.18 g. Percentage = (0.18/0.25) × 100 = 72%.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Isomerism - Structural Isomerism - Chain Position Functional Metamerism
For 100 g: C = 36.36 g, H = 6.06 g, O = 57.58 g. Moles: C ≈ 3.03, H ≈ 6.06, O ≈ 3.6. Ratio ≈ 1 : 2 : 1; empirical formula = CH₂O.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry > Topic: Dalton's Atomic Theory and Atomic and Molecular Masses
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