5 public questions tagged with this topic.
The small intestine contains villi and microvilli that absorb nutrients from digested food.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals Frog - Anatomy - Digestive and Respiratory System
Root hairs increase the surface area of roots for better absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants Secondary Growth - Dicot Stem Root and Wood
Vegetative nutrient acquisition in fungi entirely dependent on hyphal network infiltrating substrate and secreting enzymes. Hyphal tips secrete extracellular enzymes that degrade complex polymers like cellulose, lignin, proteins, resulting monomers absorbed through plasma membrane via proton-coupled transporters and facilitated diffusion. Sporangium, basidium, ascus are reproductive structures not involved in absorptive nutrition but spore production. Mycelial architecture maximizes surface-to-volume ratio for osmotrophy, with Spitzenkorper organizing vesicle delivery for tip extension. Therefore hyphae represent primary vegetative absorptive organ, enabling saprotrophic decay, parasitic invasion and mycorrhizal exchange defining ecological roles.
Ref: Campbell Biology 12th ed., Chapter 31: Hyphae Nutrient Absorption; NCERT Class 11 Fungi Mycelium Function - Absorption; NCBI Hyphal Physiology
Fungi lack chlorophyll, ingestive structures and phagocytic capability, thus acquire nutrients through extracellular digestion followed by absorption known as osmotrophy. Hyphae secrete potent hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases, proteases and ligninases into substrate decomposing polymers into soluble monomers imported via active transport and facilitated diffusion. This mode supports saprotrophic, parasitic and mutualistic lifestyles recycling carbon. Ingestion characteristic of animals, photosynthesis of plants and algae, chemosynthesis of certain bacteria are incompatible with fungal physiology. Absorptive nutrition explains mycelial branching maximizing surface area for efficient acquisition.
Ref: Campbell Biology 12th ed., Chapter 31: Fungal Nutrition Absorption; NCERT Class 11 Biological Classification - Fungi Nutrition Modes
Go with C — Keeping metal ions soluble. Under MINERAL Transport, this is the standard explanation you’d use in class: it names the real driver or definition, while the rest are nearby but wrong. Not these: A) Increasing transpiration; B) Preventing ion uptake; D) Converting ions to gases. When two options sound similar, choose the one that matches the textbook definition most tightly.
Ref: Best CSIR NET Plant Physiology books: Master Unit 6 with Taiz & Zeiger and Salisbury & Ross. Crack Part C experimental questions with top textbooks.
