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Numerical taxonomy classifies organisms using statistical methods based on numerous observable characteristics. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Topic: Plant structure and tissue systems.
Numerical taxonomy heavily relies on computational methods to analyze large datasets for classification. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion covering relevant concept, Topic: Plant structure, physiology and applications.
Numerical taxonomy uses numbers and codes for all observable characters, processed by computers to classify organisms objectively.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom Pteridophytes - Structure and Life Cycle
Phenetic classification groups organisms based on overall observable phenotypic similarity calculated from numerous characters without weighting evolutionary significance or distinguishing ancestral versus derived states, alternative name numerical taxonomy or taximetrics because similarity indices and clustering algorithms quantitatively aggregate data into phenograms. Natural encompasses maximal characters qualitatively but with intuitive weighting, artificial few conspicuous, practical economic utility. Numerical taxonomy developed by Sokal and Sneath using operational taxonomic units OTUs scoring character states and UPGMA clustering. Phenetics produces phenogram reflecting resemblance not necessarily phylogeny, controversial for ignoring cladistic polarity, yet useful for bacterial fungal alpha taxonomy where phylogeny unclear.
Ref: Sneath & Sokal Numerical Taxonomy phenetic; Stuessy Plant Taxonomy numerical classification
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