13 public questions tagged with this topic.
Potassium ions (K⁺) play a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential by being more permeable than sodium ions.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals from one neuron to another across synapses.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Synapse - Types and Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters do not enter the postsynaptic neuron; they bind to receptors on its membrane to transmit the signal.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Synapse - Types and Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft to facilitate impulse transmission at a chemical synapse.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Synapse - Types and Neurotransmitters
In electrical synapses, nerve impulses are directly transmitted via gap junctions, without neurotransmitter involvement.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Synapse - Types and Neurotransmitters
Both electrical and chemical synapses exist in the human body, but most synapses in humans are chemical.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Synapse - Types and Neurotransmitters
Action potentials travel in only one direction due to the refractory period, which prevents backflow.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Nerve Impulse - Resting Potential Action Potential and Transmission
Potassium ions (K⁺) move out of the neuron during repolarization, restoring the resting membrane potential.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Nerve Impulse - Resting Potential Action Potential and Transmission
During depolarization, sodium (Na⁺) ions rush into the neuron, causing a change in membrane potential.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination Nerve Impulse - Resting Potential Action Potential and Transmission
The medulla oblongata contains the chemosensitive area responsible for regulating respiration in response to CO₂ and H⁺ levels.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases Transport of Carbon Dioxide and Regulation of Respiration
Observing stochastic opening and closing of an individual channel requires isolating its picoampere current from background of thousands of other channels. Patch-clamp achieves this by sealing a glass pipette against membrane with gigaohm resistance, confining one channel within patch. Cell-attached or excised patch modes reveal unitary amplitude, conductance states, burst behavior and pharmacological block of sodium, potassium, calcium and acetylcholine receptor channels. Simultaneous multi-channel macroscopic currents represent average activity, voltage-gated pumps transport actively without discrete steps, so only single-channel visualization matches this capability.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
Autonomic nervous system (C) is the right choice. This sits at the heart of Structure and Function of Nervous System: the wording points straight to what is happening in the tissue or organ system. A useful study habit is to ask what the structure or process is for: the functional job described in the stem is exactly what Autonomic nervous system does in Structure and Function of Nervous System. That reasoning supports Autonomic nervous system. One solid sentence about why this works is enough for recall — you do not need a long essay for every MCQ. When you practise, cover the choices first, write Autonomic nervous system from memory, then reveal the letter — that habit builds real recall for Structure and Function of Nervous System.
Ref: Animal physiology is Unit 7 of the CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus, covering core body systems. It accounts for roughly 10% of the total marks in Sections B and C.
