A dome-shaped net recruitment curve is due to:
A dome-shaped net recruitment curve rises at low abundance because more potential parents can produce more recruits, reaches a maximum, and then falls when crowding becomes severe. Intraspecific competition for food, space, or other resources reduces survival or reproduction at high density. The descending limb therefore records overcompensating density dependence rather than constant mortality or an absence of density effects. Population regulation concerns feedback, not mere limitation. A drought may sharply reduce numbers yet fail to push the population toward a repeatable equilibrium. Comp
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5